Transformer (Transformer) é un dispositivo que usa o principio de indución electromagnética para cambiar a tensión de CA, os compoñentes principais son a bobina primaria, a bobina secundaria e o núcleo de ferro (núcleo magnético). As principais funcións son: transformación de tensión, transformación de corrente, transformación de impedancia, illamento, estabilización de tensión (transformador de saturación magnética), etc. Pode dividirse en transformadores de potencia e transformadores especiais (transformador de forno eléctrico, transformador rectificador, transformador de proba de frecuencia de potencia, tensión regulador, transformador de minas, transformador de audio, transformador de frecuencia intermedia, transformador de alta frecuencia, transformador de impacto, transformador de instrumentos, transformador electrónico), reactores, transformadores, etc.). Os símbolos do circuíto adoitan empregar T como comezo do número. Exemplo: T01, T201, etc.
Reactor de saída: cando a lonxitude da saída do cable do inversor ao motor é maior que o valor especificado do produto, debería engadirse un reactor de saída para compensar o impacto da carga e descarga da capacitancia eléctrica acoplada cando o eléctrico o cable está funcionando para evitar o fluxo do inversor. Reacción dv / dt de saída: Para limitar a velocidade de subida da tensión de saída do inversor para asegurar que o illamento do motor é normal. Filtro de onda sinusoidal: fai que a tensión e a corrente de saída do inversor se aproximen a unha onda senoidal, reduza o coeficiente de dominio armónico do motor e a presión de illamento do motor. Estas opcións deberían instalarse no lado de saída do inversor.
O seguinte é o modelo de produto e a súa introdución ：
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4NC5112-0BC20；4NC5112-0CB21；4NC5112-2BC20；4NC5112-2CB21；4NC5113-0BC20；4NC5113-0CB21；4NC5113-2BC20；4NC5113-2CB21；4NC5115-0CC21；4NC5115-2CC21；4NC5117-0CC21；4NC5117-0DA21；4NC5117-2CC21；4NC5117-2DA21；4NC5121-0CC21；4NC5121-0DC21；4NC5121-2CC21；4NC5121-2DC21；4NC5121-2FA21；4NC5122-0CE21；4NC5122-0DE21；4NC5122-2CE21；4NC5122-2DE21；4NC5122-2FC21；4NC5123-0CE20；4NC5123-0CE21；4NC5123-0DE21；4NC5123-2CE20；4NC5123-2CE21；4NC5123-2DE21；4NC5123-2FC21；4NC5124-2FE21；4NC5125-2FE21；4NC5126-2FE21；4NC5222-0CE21；4NC5222-0DE21；4NC5222-2CE21；4NC5222-2DE21；4NC5223-0CE21；4NC5223-0DE21；4NC5223-2CE21；4NC5223-2DE21；4NC5224-0CE20；4NC5224-0CE21；4NC5224-0DE21；4NC5224-2CE20；4NC5224-2CE21；4NC5224-2DE21；4NC5225-0CE21；4NC5225-0DE21；4NC5225-2CE21；4NC5225-2DE21；4NC5227-2FE21；4NC5228-2FE21；4NC5231-2FE21；4NC5232-2FE21；4NC5325-0CE20；4NC5325-0CE21；4NC5325-0DE21；4NC5325-2CE20；4NC5325-2CE21；4NC5325-2DE21；4NC5326-0CE21；4NC5326-0DE21；4NC5326-2CE21；4NC5326-2DE21；4NC5327-0CE21；4NC5327-0DE21；4NC5327-2CE21；4NC5327-2DE21；4NC5328-2CE20；4NC5330-0CE21；4NC5330-0DE21；4NC5330-2CE21；4NC5330-2DE21；4NC5331-2DE21；4NC5431-0CH20；4NC5431-0CH21；4NC5431-0DH21；4NC5431-2CH21；4NC5431-2DH21；4NC5432-0CH21；4NC5432-0DH21；4NC5432-2CH21；4NC5432-2DH21；4NC5433-0CH20；4NC5433-0DH21；4NC5433-2CH20；4NC5433-2DH21；4NC5434-0CH21；4NC5434-2CH20；4NC5434-2CH21；4NC5435-0CH21；4NC5435-0DH21；4NC5435-2CH21；4NC5435-2DH21；4NC5436-2DK21；4NC5438-0CJ21；4NC5438-2CJ21；4NC5438-2DL21；4NC5440-0CJ21；4NC5440-2CJ21；4NC5440-2DM21；4NC5441-2CN21；4NC5441-2DN21；4NC5923-5LT21；4NC5925-5LT21；4NC5930-5LT21；4NC5940-5LT21；
7KT1223；7KT1222；7KT1260；7KT1542；7KT1548；7KT9030；7KT1546；7KT1545；7KT1543；7KT1540；7KT1242；7KT1238；7KT1900；7KT1664；7KT1666；7KT1533；7KT1668；7KT1236；7KT1662；7KT1682；7KT1531；7KT1673；7KT1233；7KT1671；7KT1665；7KT1907；7KT1667；7KT1530；7KT1908；7KT1661；7KT1663；7KT1681；7KT1672；7KT1670；7KT1652；7KT1654；7KT1656；7KT1110；7KT1120；7KT1200；7KT1651；7KT1653；7KT1655；7KT1202；7KT1201；7KT5600；7KT5823；7KT5833；7KT5822；7KT5821；7KT5801；7KT1255；7KT5500；7KT1254；7KT9010；7KT9011；7KT5812；7KT5814；7KT5811；7KT5601；7KT5602；7KT5603；7KT5604；7KT5802；7KT5803；7KT5804；7KT5806；7KT5807；7KT5505；7KT5501；7KT5502；7KT5503；7KT5504；7KT9000；7KT9021；7KT9020；
Principio de funcionamento:
O transformador está composto por un núcleo de ferro (ou núcleo magnético) e unha bobina. A bobina ten dous ou máis enrolamentos. O enrolamento conectado á fonte de alimentación chámase bobina primaria e os enrolamentos restantes denomínanse bobinas secundarias. Pode transformar tensión, corrente e impedancia de corrente alterna. O transformador máis sinxelo do núcleo de ferro está composto por un núcleo de ferro feito de material magnético suave e dúas bobinas con diferentes xiros que cubren o núcleo de ferro.
O papel do núcleo é fortalecer o acoplamiento magnético entre as dúas bobinas. Para reducir a corrente de perroso e a perda de histéresis no ferro, o núcleo está feito de follas de aceiro de silicio laminado; non hai conexión eléctrica entre as dúas bobinas e as bobinas están feitas de fíos de cobre illados (ou fíos de aluminio). Unha bobina conectada á fonte de alimentación de CA denomínase bobina primaria (ou bobina primaria) e a outra bobina conectada ao aparello eléctrico chámase bobina secundaria (ou bobina secundaria). O transformador real é moi complicado, e inevitablemente hai perdas de cobre (calefacción da resistencia da bobina), perda de ferro (calefacción do núcleo de ferro) e filtracións magnéticas (fío de indución magnética pechado polo aire), etc. Para simplificar a discusión, só o transformador ideal introdúcese aquí. As condicións para establecer un transformador ideal son: ignorar o fluxo de fuga, ignorar a resistencia das bobinas primaria e secundaria, ignorar a perda do núcleo e ignorar a corrente sen carga (a corrente na bobina primaria do secundario a bobina está aberta). Por exemplo, cando o transformador de enerxía funciona a plena carga (a potencia nominal de saída da bobina), está preto do transformador ideal.
Os transformadores son aparellos eléctricos estáticos fabricados mediante o principio de indución electromagnética. Cando a bobina orixinal do transformador está conectada á fonte de alimentación de CA, xérase un fluxo magnético alternativo no núcleo de ferro, que normalmente está indicado por φ. As φ nas bobinas primarias e secundarias son iguais, e φ tamén é unha función armónica sinxela. A táboa é φ = φmsinωt. Segundo a lei de indución electromagnética de Faraday, a forza electromotriz inducida nas bobinas primaria e secundaria é e1 = -N1dφ / dt e e2 = -N2dφ / dt. Na fórmula, N1 e N2 son os xiros das bobinas primaria e secundaria. Pódese ver que U1 = -e1 e U2 = e2 (a cantidade física da bobina orixinal está representada polo subíndice 1 e a cantidade física da bobina secundaria está representada polo subíndice 2). = N1 / N2, chamada relación de transformación do transformador. Dende a fórmula anterior, U1 / U2 = -N1 / N2 = -k, é dicir, a relación do valor efectivo das tensións da bobina primaria e secundaria do transformador é igual á súa relación de xiros e a diferenza de fase entre a bobina primaria e a secundaria. tensións é π.
Tamén se conclúe que:
U1 / U2 = N1 / N2
No caso de que se poida ignorar a corrente sen carga, hai I1 / I2 = -N2 / N1, é dicir, o valor efectivo da corrente de bobina primaria e secundaria é inversamente proporcional ao número de xiros e a diferenza de fase é π.
Á súa vez dispoñible
I1 / I2 = N2 / N1
A potencia das bobinas primaria e secundaria dun transformador ideal é igual a P1 = P2. Mostra que o transformador ideal en si non ten perda de enerxía. O transformador real sempre ten perdas e a súa eficiencia é η = P2 / P1. A eficiencia dos transformadores de potencia é moi alta, ata máis do 90%
Parámetros característicos:
frecuencia de traballo
A perda de núcleo do transformador ten unha gran relación coa frecuencia, polo que debe ser deseñada e utilizada segundo a frecuencia de uso. Esta frecuencia chámase frecuencia de funcionamento.
potencia nominal
Baixo a frecuencia e tensión especificadas, o transformador pode funcionar durante moito tempo sen superar a potencia de saída da subida da temperatura especificada.
Tensión nominal
Refírese á tensión permitida para ser aplicada na bobina do transformador, que non será superior ao valor especificado durante a operación.
Relación de tensión
Refírese á relación de tensión primaria do transformador e tensión secundaria. Hai unha diferenza entre a relación de tensión sen carga e a de tensión de carga.
Corrente sen carga
Cando a secundaria do transformador está aberta, a primaria aínda ten unha certa corrente. Esta parte da corrente chámase corrente sen carga. A corrente sen carga está composta por corrente magnetizante (xerando fluxo magnético) e corrente de perda de ferro (causada pola perda de núcleo). Para un transformador de potencia de 50 Hz, a corrente sen carga é basicamente igual á corrente de magnetización.
Perda de carga
Refírese á perda de potencia medida no nivel primario cando o transformador secundario está aberto. A principal perda é a perda de núcleo, seguida da perda de corrente sen carga (perda de cobre) na resistencia do cobre da bobina primaria, esta parte da perda é moi pequena.
eficacia
Refírese á porcentaxe da relación de potencia secundaria P2 a potencia primaria P1. Xeralmente, canto maior sexa a potencia nominal do transformador, maior será a eficiencia.
Resistencia de illamento
Indica o rendemento de illamento entre cada bobina do transformador e entre cada bobina e o núcleo de ferro. O nivel de resistencia ao illamento está relacionado co rendemento do material illante usado, o nivel de temperatura e o grao de humidade.
